In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a brief overview.
نویسنده
چکیده
The in vitro fertilization process breaks down into three essential components: induction of ovulation, fertilization of the oocyte, and development of embryos that are transferred into the uterus. Problems may arise resulting in failure at any one of these junctions. In 1984, the World Congress on In Vitro Fertilization was held, looking at 9,641 laparoscopies yielding 1,101 clinical pregnancies, with an overall pregnancy rate of 11 percent--clearly indicating that in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) was an idea whose time had come. Ovulation induction is monitored by both the use of ultrasound and daily estradiol levels, ultrasound indicating the number of oocytes that will be available for capture, and estradiol indicating in an indirect way the quality of those oocytes. It is a major aim in each patient to obtain at least four embryos, since this optimizes success rates. Ovulation induction at Yale is carried out with a high-dose human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG)/human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) regimen. This regimen has insured us a success rate of 17 percent clinical pregnancies per laparoscopy. In the future, modification will occur in the process with cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos, and gamete manipulation. The modifications will be effected primarily to increase pregnancy rates. Research will continue mainly to delineate better biochemical markers for oocyte quality, but also to further explain the mystery of implantation.
منابع مشابه
Interstitial Pregnancy after In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Following Bilateral Salpingectomy:Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
متن کامل
Resurgence of Minimal Stimulation In Vitro Fertilization with A Protocol Consisting of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone-Agonist Trigger and Vitrified-Thawed Embryo Transfer
Minimal stimulation in vitro fertilization (mini-IVF) consists of a gentle controlled ovarian stimulation that aims to produce a maximum of five to six oocytes. There is a misbelief that mini-IVF severely compromises pregnancy and live birth rates. An appraisal of the literature pertaining to studies on mini-IVF protocols was performed. The advantages of minimal stimulation protocols are report...
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Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine injection of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) before embryo transfer (ET). Materials and Methods: In this randomized placebocontrolled clinical trial, a total number of 182 infertile patients undergoing their first in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) were randomly assigned to receive 250 μg i...
متن کاملAnalyzing the association of MMP-3 promoter polymorphism and its serum concentration with the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
This study aimed to investigate the polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase -3 (MMP-3) gene and its expression in the serum of infertile female patients received in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). To do so, 100 women with unsuccessful IVF-ET (IVF–) and 100 women with successful IVF-ET procedure and clinical pregnancy (IVF+) were included. Genetic polymorphism and serum concen...
متن کاملA Comparison of Success Rates of Embryo Transfer on Weekdays and Weekends
Objective The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the embryo transfer (ET) day on clinical pregnancy success rates in in vitro fertilization-ET (IVF-ET) cycles. MaterialsAndMethods In this retrospective study, we divided patients with infertility who underwent IVF-ET with fresh embryos into two groups depending on whether the ET was performed on weekdays or weekends. The main outcome ...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
دوره 59 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1986